In the early hours of Good Friday 2002, I dreamt of a gold coin dropping from a height into a bowl. The clattering of the coin as it bounced and spun around before settling, startled me awake. As I puzzled over it, an image of a rose appeared in my inner vision. It was a perfect, single, deep red rose bud with two sets of leaves. The image was crystal clear and lingered as I drifted off to sleep.
When I woke in the morning, I remembered the images and recognised the similarity of the bowl to the donation bowl at a labyrinth walk I had attended the previous night but the rose was a complete mystery. My interest was in Australian native plants and I had no particular attraction to roses. Intrigued, I found an image on the internet like the one in the vision and printed it off hoping it would trigger something. All that came to me is that I should go to the walk being held that night, which I hadn’t intended to. The friend who had been with me the previous night was happy to go again, so with that, the decision was made.
I told her of the dreams and showed her the printed image and as I sat waiting with closed eyes for the walk to start, she nudged me and said ‘There’s your rose.’ I looked up and a woman came in carrying a rose, a slightly different shade of red but identical in shape. The entrance to the walk had been set up with a selection of nails, prickly branches and candles to take into the centre but she had brought her own offering. I asked if I could have it after the walk. At first she refused, saying it was for Jesus but I explained what happened and she relented, as long as I put it with a cross.
I fashioned a cross out of a Grevillea branch and put it with the rose in a bud vase. I imagined it was trying to tell me something but I was clueless as to what it could be. On Easter Monday I decided to photograph it before it faded away. I dragged the cat tower under the skylight and positioned the vase underneath. Just as I was about to press the shutter, the cat leapt up and knocked the vase flying, shattering it into pieces on the hard floor. I grabbed the cat before she jumped down among the shards, shut her in the bedroom and with a sense of foreboding cleaned up the mess.
Although I never made sense of the chain of events at the time, it convinced me to start paying more attention to my dreams. I had been recording the copious dreams of the last five years and attending the Jung Society, hoping to learn how to make sense of them but hadn’t made much progress. Soon I found a subscription based, password protected internet forum run by Jane Teresa Anderson. Not long after that, my second marriage ended and I was left feeling shattered, just like the vase. The dreams and the forum became my lifeline and I had the sense that what had unfolded at Easter had been a kind of preparation for what lay ahead. The dreams proliferated as I paid more attention to them and the nightly dramas were interspersed with profound healing and guidance that were clearly coming from somewhere other than my personal unconscious. Slowly, Jung’s concepts of synchronicity, archetypes, the collective unconscious and individuation began to make sense and gave me hope that I could find meaning in the chaos.
Two years later another series of events, where I kept encountering twins in one way or another, brought me full circle back to the rose.
The initial incident was when a friend rang to tell me that her brother-in-law, himself a twin, had gone to see about a car for sale and the sellers turned out to be two elderly single ladies – identical twins – who had been his neighbours in another state many years before. Two days later I went to see another friend who asked if I wanted some movie tickets she’d won and couldn’t use. The movie was called ‘Twin Sisters.’ Another time I was in the supermarket when a young girl, who had been playing around with another child, crashed into me. When the little girl looked up and locked eyes with me, time seemed to slow down. I then noticed the child she had been wrestling with and saw her double.
Another time I was waiting in the stationers to use the photocopier and the woman using it apologised for taking so long. She was doing a poster made up of a compilation of photos for an 18th birthday party for the daughter who was with her and showed it to me as it came out of the machine. It was of two girls at various stages of their lives, clearly identical twins, which the mother confirmed, saying that the other daughter was at home. When I went to see the movie, there was an early scene where one of the twins, who had been separated from her sister, grabbed a bunch of roses from a vase in front of a statue of Mary in a grotto and threw them into the river in her rage at the situation.
This went on for a few weeks, I would either see twins, somebody would mention twins in conversation, or I would see media reports of twins. One day in mid June 2004, a friend rang to tell me about a TV series she had been watching and thought I might be interested in it. I turned on the television in order to set up the VCR and the first thing that came up on the screen was a show featuring identical twin girls. I then sat down to breakfast with the book I was reading at the time, which I had randomly picked up at a bargain table, called It’s a Miracle. It was a selection of stories from a US TV show of the same name, which I had never heard of. As I finished the story I was on, I turned the page in readiness for when I sat down again and the title of the next one stopped me in my tracks. It was called St Thérèse’s Twins. I had to read it then and there.
The story was of a woman pregnant with twins and at 6½ months learned that one of the twins was dying in the womb and not expected to survive. Coming from a Catholic family they prayed fervently to one St Thérèse of Lisieux who had promised to bestow a rose in an unusual manner if God allowed her to intercede. On Palm Sunday, a priest visited the mother in the hospital and offered to weave something out of the palm leaves her husband had brought from a church for her. Instead of the expected cross, the Priest wove two rosebuds which overnight loosened and gave the appearance of blooming. To the astonishment of the doctor, the malnourished baby from then on began to grow and the twins were delivered prematurely but successfully and thrived after delivery.
As I read the story, I wondered if there were a connection to my Easter rose and it piqued my curiosity. I found a trailer for a new film about this saint and as I watched, I burst into tears. To this day I don’t fully understand my reaction but it compelled me to do more research and I found that she had written an autobiography, available online. My plans for the day took a backseat and I finished the book in short order. I was captivated by Thérèse’s story, which had all the elements of a good drama but it was the authenticity of her internal struggles and her way of dealing with her emotionality through her strong faith that I found most inspiring. I did not have that kind of faith but I definitely had the emotionality and it had been a source of great distress my entire life. Not being Catholic, I had little idea of the significance of saints but my encounter with Thérèse led me to take more seriously the spiritual life I had been toying with sporadically over the previous few years. I eventually learned that her relics had been on tour in Australia at the time of the bowl and rose visions and had passed through Adelaide 6 weeks before. Was this merely coincidence?
I wasn’t used to praying but I learned of a special kind of prayer done over 9 days called a novena and getting a sign of roses sounded like an interesting experiment to try. It worked the very first time. I don’t recall who or what the prayer was for but in my journal I wrote that my sister came around with a bunch of roses the day after I finished it, saying she had got them from a neighbour because she thought it would cheer me up. She had no idea about the novena, as I felt somewhat sheepish about the idea and also didn’t want to jinx it. I have made several novenas over the years and though I have long surpassed the need for a sign, they come regardless and I am always delighted. I have also had some extraordinary ‘coincidences’ of roses at times when Thérèse has come into my awareness for some reason.
I thought with my discovery of Thérèse, the twin incidents would stop but they didn’t. I went to see the movie Twin Sisters a second time and enjoyed it as much but it still didn’t give me any further clues. One day I was out walking and from a distance I saw two young girls messing about with each other and one of them called out ‘Hello!’ I called ‘hello’ back. When I got closer, I could see they weren’t twins but I asked if they were sisters. ‘No,’ came the reply, ‘we’re best friends!’ With that, they laughingly threw their arms around each other and went on with their game. With that, the twin sightings came to an abrupt end but I couldn’t help feeling there was something I wasn’t getting. In the meantime, I kept up the dreamwork and eventually, prompted by a dream I wrote about here, returned to church and was baptised and confirmed in the Anglican faith. The period of church attendance eventually came to an end too, as my spiritual explorations took me into other areas.
Earlier this year I did an online course with Jason E Smith on Edward Edinger’s book Ego and Archetype through the Jung Archademy and I finally found the answer to the mystery of the twin saga. The core of Jung’s psychology is what he calls individuation, a lifelong process of becoming one’s authentic self. It is deep work, necessitating an engagement with not only the personal unconscious but what Jung called the collective unconscious – the transpersonal realm of archetypes that interpenetrates the personal. It is a constant process of engaging with the unconscious aspects of one’s personality and integrating them into consciousness, informed and guided by what Jung termed the Self, the archetype of wholeness.
Edinger’s book is a wonderful elucidation of this process and though I had read it several times, I had never got the whole gestalt of it. In one class Jason mentioned that in the Jungian literature when things are doubled, e.g. in dreams or in fairy tales, it signifies that something is becoming conscious. The penny (the coin?) dropped. It hadn’t occurred to me to view the external events of the twin sightings as the projection of an internal process because at the time I lacked the symbolic sensibility to recognise it. The twins reflected the split nature of my besieged psyche but as I realise now, it was also the beginning of true healing. All I wanted was a way out of the suffering and the work with dreams, the church attendance and other spiritual seeking, along with the intense study was driven by a desire for inner peace. Christianity calls this salvation, eastern systems call it liberation or moksha, Jung calls it individuation but it all comes back to the same thing – realising one’s authentic self and how it relates to the whole. Life crises are often initiatory events.
With this insight, I watched the movie Twin Sisters again and halfway through it, realised that it is precisely about this process. The orphaned twins were separated at 6 years of age, Anna going to a life of child labour on a farm in Germany and Lotte to a life of privilege in Holland. As adults, they were able to reconnect but their first meeting coincided with the start of the war and they were separated again. This time their physical separation was marred by ideological differences. Anna had become a Nazi sympathiser and Lotte betrothed to a Jew. Although Anna was eventually disillusioned by her own experiences of the war, Lotte could not accept her change of heart and refused to let her back in her life again. The theme of separating and coming together again, only to separate again played out in various ways throughout their lives until a chance meeting in their old age enabled Anna an opportunity to confront Lotte and they were able to reconcile their differences. At this point, Anna died peacefully in her sleep, curled up with her sister in a bed of leaves on the ground, where they ended up after becoming lost together when Lotte tried to evade her sister’s pursuit of her. The movie portrays exactly what happens in the psyche as it seeks to find its authentic self among the mass of conflicting influences from within and without.
Jung understood the vital role of what he called a religious attitude in this process and his psychology provides a way to navigate the void left when institutional religion doesn’t satisfy the inner yearning. In Psychology and Religion: West and East, he said:
I do not expect any believing Christian to pursue these thoughts of mine any further, for they will probably seem to him absurd. I am not, however, addressing myself to the happy possessors of faith, but to those many people for whom the light has gone out, the mystery has faded, and God is dead… It is certainly a difficult undertaking to discover connecting links between dogma and immediate experience of psychological archetypes, but a study of the natural symbols of the unconscious gives us the necessary raw material.
As I learned, the rose, the bowl and the gold coin are perfect examples of these ‘natural symbols of the unconscious.’ The bowl symbolises receptivity and gold symbolises immortality. The gold coin dropping into the bowl can be interpreted as the integration of spirit and matter, masculine and feminine, or union of sun and moon in alchemical symbolism. The rose has long been associated with Mary and considered the equivalent of the lotus in Eastern traditions as a symbol of the unfolding of higher consciousness. The thorns of the rose are associated with the crown of thorns Jesus bore when he was crucified.
It’s just as well I didn’t understand any of this at the time, it would have scared me to death but trust in the process has grown along with my capacity to assimilate what was presented and I have come to appreciate the essence of Thérèse’s message inStory of a Soul – what she calls ‘the way of trust and surrender.’
This is the second Edward Edinger video. The first is here. In this video Dr. Edward Edinger discusses key aspects of Jungian depth psychological work and the implications for society as a whole. His explanation of the relevance for acknowledging and integrating the shadow, in particular, is very sobering. He was talking around 25 years ago here but with the phenomenon of social media, shadow projection has reached staggering proportions.
I first encountered the concept of the shadow through a book that was loaned to me (make of that what you will!) called Meeting the Shadow, an anthology edited by Connie Zweig and Jeremiah Abrams and published in 1991 – a few years before this video. I first encountered it around 2003 and I remember clearly walking along a footpath and chewing over what I had been reading when I noticed my actual shadow. I was walking due west and the morning sun was directly at my back and casting a very long shadow. I thought to myself ‘my shadow is leading the way.’ I didn’t realise it at the time but this was an intuition of what is often overlooked in the resistance to dealing with shadow (i.e. repressed) material. For one thing the shadow, when it is worked through, contains much valuable material and for another, not all repressed contents are of a dark nature. We repress many desirable qualities along with those that are unwanted. This is the truth I am finally realising.
Edinger Interview on Social Relevance of Jungian Psychology
0:00… Now I’d like to say a bit about what it means – as one progresses in the process of self knowledge – what it means to learn about each of those items that go to make up the structure of the psyche that I spoke of earlier.
Let’s start with the ego – that’s the starting point for everything. One of the goals of the life process, just the natural life process, as well as the analytic process, is maximum ego development. One can have no real analysis, one can have no real confrontation with the unconscious, until one has a sturdy, responsible and ethical ego prepared to have that encounter. Before that there’s no question of depth analysis, all that is available is a supportive psychotherapy that promotes ego development. You see it’s vitally important, just considering the social aspect of the matter, that the members of society have good, strong, reliable egos. That means they have to have an authentic sense of their own identity, they have to have acquired a responsible character structure that enables them to function responsibly in relation to other people. That’s all a product of ego development, so just to start with good ego development is not only good for the individual, it’s good for the society that the individual’s a part of.
2:25…Awareness of the Persona
Then the question of the persona. What value is awareness of the persona to the individual and society? Here again as with all self knowledge, both the individual and society benefit. You see it commonly happens, that to a greater or lesser extent, an individual is identified with his persona. It’s so convenient. It’s hard enough to acquire competence in a professional career and once that has been achieved, the satisfactions of that achievement are often so significant that there’s a strong tendency for the individual then to identify with the professional persona that one learns in the course of his professional training. So, the minister learns his persona as he goes through theological seminary and then starts his first job as assistant pastor. The medical student learns the medical persona, the lawyer learns his and so on and once that’s learned it makes things work so smoothly to operate out of it that there’s a strong tendency to identify with it.
But the trouble is, for society as a whole, that when one meets one’s doctor, or one’s pastor, or one’s lawyer, or whatever, one isn’t meeting a full human being, you meet the mask. I’ll speak for my own profession, I won’t belittle any other profession that I don’t know but I can tell you that it’s a real problem in the medical profession. Doctors are very busy and it takes too much time to be real. It’s much easier to function out of your medical persona. The great advantage of it – the temporary advantage is – it’s like skating on a pond of frozen ice, it doesn’t take any effort, you don’t have to respond out of deeper human realities and you can get a lot more work done in a day, you see. You can see more patients. If you take time to listen to them and respond to them humanly you get caught up and you’re way behind in your schedule.
It’s all understandable but if self knowledge is to proceed and if individuals are going to achieve full, well rounded human potentiality, it’s important for them to discover the reality of the persona and the fact that it’s not identical with the ego and that if they choose to identify with it now and then they are diminishing themselves both psychologically and humanly and once those things become known then the initial identification is broken and even though one may have to operate out of that persona at times, then you know what you’re doing and it makes a world of difference whether you are doing it consciously or unconsciously because choice is involved.
6:52… Awareness of the Shadow
Then turning to the next item – the shadow. What’s the social advantage of being aware of the shadow? I can tell you it’s immense because as long as one is unconscious of the shadow almost infallibly it gets projected. It gets projected onto somebody that provides some hook, some quality, maybe only in small degree that corresponds to the nature of one’s own shadow and when that happens the projector has the delightful experience of locating evil – it’s out there, in you. Now I know what to attack in order to make the world a better place and so in lesser shadow projections I guess no great harm is done, it’s an abrasion in the general mechanics of ordinary human relationships but once it starts operating on a large collective scale, shadow projection can be disastrous and I hardly need to spell out the examples of it because they’re everywhere to be seen, where you’ve got one faction opposing another faction and attributing dark, evil, if not diabolical, implications on the enemy faction.
We see this everywhere in the world and I’m not going to go into the details but this is all a consequence of shadow projection and it’s really a disgrace for an educated and supposedly relatively mature human being to be caught engaging in a crude shadow projection in this day and age. But disgrace or not, it happens all the time and it’s a grave damage to our social fabric. So to the extent that an individual, through the analytic process, becomes aware of his shadow he is then inoculated from shadow projection because he recognises that the particular quality, or idea, or mode of living, that is so annoying to him in the other person is an expression of his own shadow, which accounts for the annoyance. We can have likes and dislikes but when a certain level of affect enters the picture, that’s an infallible indication of a shadow projection and people unconscious of their shadows are a grave danger to the welfare of society as a whole.
11:11… Awareness of the Anima and Animus
Now, turning to the animus and anima – we’re reaching a deeper layer now and here the social aspects cannot be spelled out in such simple terms. They’re present but they’re more complex and occult and a little harder to express but certainly we can say that an individual who has even a rudimentary awareness of the reality of the anima or the animus is going to have a more authentic, a more conscious, a more fruitful and realistic relation to the opposite sex and after all, that relationship between the sexes is quite fundamental to the whole social process. The family is based on it and the raising of children and the welfare and psychological early development of children – that is very dependent on the level of conscious relationship that exists between the parents. That type of understanding relationship that can endure the inevitable conflict between the opposites of the sexes is very much promoted and helped by an awareness of the animus and anima because with that awareness then one avoids the crudest of projections and can relate to the partner in terms of their reality rather than in terms of the illusory expectations one has when one has projected the anima or animus onto the partner.
13:45… Awareness of the Self
Now coming finally to the question of the Self – the awareness of the Self. The Self is the centre and totality of the psyche. One of its synonyms is the inner God-image. It’s the transpersonal authority of the psyche. The ego is the smaller authority and the Self is the larger authority. When one has made a contact with the Self, the ego then becomes relativised and recognises that its life must be governed by an authority higher than itself. Now what does such a recognition have to do with society? A great deal indeed. In a certain sense we can say that society is the exteriorised mirror of the psyche. Every society has a leader of some sort. At one stage it was the king or the President. Occasionally it’s an oligarchy of aristocrats but always in order for a society to be cohesive and exist organically, it has to have a central authority and that central external social authority is a mirror of the inner authority of the Self. That’s why when one has dreams of a king, or a President, or of Washington DC, in most cases those dreams refer to the Self.
So what’s at issue here is the individual’s relation to authority. If one has no connection to the Self and particularly when the ego is weak – when there’s low level of psychological differentiation – especially in times of social turmoil and distress, there is a strong tendency for the Self – the central organising authority/principle of the psyche – to be projected. Because in times of turmoil the compensatory aspect of the psyche activates and turmoil then tends to constellate order. Disorder constellates order and order in such circumstances often has to be imposed with some level of discipline and authoritarianism. And so what can happen in such cases then is that one gets massive collective projections of the Self onto the leader – the Fuhrer, for instance. That’s what happened in Nazi Germany. It’s a – I’m looking for an adequate word to describe… it’s in a lesson of instruction of a magnitude that could hardly be exaggerated as to the danger of the collective projection of the Self. That’s what happened in Nazi Germany, we see it happening in all sorts of charismatic religious cults, it’s happening in small scale all over, scattered all around and as we lose our containment in our conventional religious myth, this danger’s going to become more and more operative and it’s probably the greatest threat to humanity – much greater than the nuclear bomb.
19:55… Transformation of the God Image
Jung puts it all very succinctly in Answer to Job when he says:
God needs man and encounter with man has an effect on Him.
Now that’s a symbolic statement. In psychological terms; the Self needs the ego and the ego’s awareness in relation to it, in order to be transformed. That puts it in our neutral psychological language. The Self, or the God Image, in its unconscious form, as I’ve said before, is a paradoxical union of opposites. This is the ground of our psychological being and the Christian God of love is only one half of it. That’s why Satan has never disappeared. He leads a separate existence but he’s still around and Jung has demonstrated that Christ and Satan are the two opposite sons of the same paradoxical deity and when these images come into the range of empirical experience, they require some reconciliation. You see, they generate an inner conflict that’s intolerable until it achieves a reconciliation and this is what happens when the individual encounters the primordial God Image in its paradoxical oppositeness. It experiences the activation of the conflict within the nature of the Godhead and since also contained within the whole dynamic is the potential for a union and reconciliation of those opposites, that can often be achieved in the individuation process by the process of Active Imagination and the net result then is that the psyche is no longer split.
The Christian psyche is split and that means everybody, whether you’re a professing Christian or not, it’s irrelevant, it’s part of the collective psychology we all share. We’re all split because the God Image is split and the split occurred even before Christianity – it was split by Plato and the Stoics, so that it’s got a philosophical source too. That split, that paralleled doubleness of deity, is what undergoes reconciliation and transformation when an individual human consciousness engages this depth issue in its own individual life. Then that little piece of the collective psyche that is carried by the individual has been transformed and if there are enough individuals who have had this experience and who have participated in this transformation of the God Image, then they act as a kind of leaven to society as a whole and very gradually a new collective God Image is born out of that society as a whole.
24:50…Is Christianity doomed?
You know the question often comes up in modern thinking, ‘Is Christianity doomed? Has it run out?’ Jung makes a very interesting point in that regard. He points out that the Christian myth itself contains as part of its thematic structure, the death of God. I want to see if I can spell this out because I think it’s of some importance. According to the Christian myth – and I elaborate all this in my book The Christian Archetype– according to the Christian myth, God – the God, remember that in psychological terms whenever I use the phrase ‘God,’ I’m referring to the psychological God Image. Psychology does not presume to know anything about the metaphysical deity. We’re talking about the psychological God Image which is within the range of empirical experience. But according to the Christian myth, God descends to earth by incarnating himself as a man through the agency of the Holy Spirit, who impregnates the Virgin Mary and God, as man, then lives a human life on the earth, incarnated. He goes through the passion, he dies and he’s resurrected and then ascends to heaven. So that in his incarnated form the myth describes the deity as passing through a death.
What then happens, after his death, according to the Christian myth, is that the Holy Spirit descends again on Pentecost and this time, according to the church dogma, the church is born. Pentecost is considered to be the birthday of the church. So that the incarnation cycle repeats itself. The Holy Ghost – the deity – descends and is incarnated a second time in the church which describes itself as the body of Christ. Then, according to certain theologians – this is stated explicitly – the church as the body of Christ is obliged to live out the same fateful sequence as did Christ. That means the church must also go through a passion and a death. Now the church projects that anticipation onto the last days, as far off as possible but considering this psychologically, we might consider that that’s happening right now, that the church as the body of Christ, the collective incarnation of Christ, so to speak – Christ was the first individual incarnation, the church was the second collective incarnation, who must also go through the passion and death and resurrection – and now according to my understanding, the resurrection will then initiate a third cycle in which the Holy Spirit will be now incarnating itself in empirical individual human beings.
That’s Jung’s point and as you can see, as I spell it out that way, that’s a consistent and quite appropriate continuation and reinterpretation of the Christian myth. Jung was very concerned that the treasure of the Christian myth not be lost to modern man and what he’s done is he’s provided a transformative and re-interpretive understanding of it, in his notion of continuing incarnation, which preserves all of the rich Christian symbolism you see but now understood on a psychological individual level. And this is my understanding of what the new epoch means and why Jung is an epochal man.
31:21… An Antidote
We are in for some very grave disturbances in the collective social fabric of Western society and Jung was keenly aware of that and he even made the remarkable statement, in a letter, that he wrote Answer to Job because he did not want his moral laxity to allow things to drift towards the impending catastrophe. What he revealed there and is expressed very clearly is that his book Answer to Job is the antidote to the apocalypse. If one can understand Answer to Job one would be in a position to survive psychologically the onslaught of the apocalypse of the transition from one epoch to another because he describes the psychological meaning of this collective event and what it means. Without summarising the book, which would be impossible in this setting, what it means is that a process is going on in which the God-image is undergoing transformation and the process of that transformation requires human awareness of the divine nature in order for that nature to change. That puts it in a nutshell. In fact I’ll repeat it. The essence of Answer to Job, which is the antidote allowing one to survive psychologically the apocalypse, is the realisation that the apocalypse is a process in the transformation of God in which, by means of entering human consciousness, the divine nature can undergo a transformation and change its nature.
It’s all spelt out in the Book of Job. I also discuss this matter in my little book on Blake’s engravings for the Book of Job called The Encounter with the Self. You see part of the divine nature – remember I’m speaking psychologically, not metaphysically. Psychologists know nothing about metaphysics, depth psychologists are good Kantians who recognise that metaphysical statements are beyond human possibility and so that they make no metaphysical assumptions at all, we’re talking about the psychological God-image – that that God-image is a union of opposites. It’s not only Christ, it’s also Satan. It’s not only Yahweh of the Book of Job, it’s also behemoth and leviathan and that paradoxical God-image with that dual nature is in the process of being transformed through being experienced by human consciousness. Being seen by human consciousness is the agent of its transformation – one individual at a time.
It’s not done collectively, not done in committee, it’s done one lonely individual at a time, who has the experience of the divine ambiguity and in the process of that experience penetrates that paradoxical Self with human consciousness which transforms it. This is the process I see now in its initial phases and which will continue with more and more intensity in the collective. You see, if we have more experiences of the same nature as the Nazi holocaust – those are psychological events. Those are expressions of the collective human psyche. They weren’t natural disasters; they didn’t fall out of heaven – they were psychological events. They are phenomena describing the nature of the collective psyche and that’s the kind of stuff that we’re in store for as we go through this catastrophic transformation from one age to the next in which the divine image is undergoing transformation.
38:23… Dr. C.G. Jung (excerpt from the film Matter of Heart):
The world hangs on a thin thread, and that is the psyche of man. Nowadays we are not threatened by elementary catastrophes. There is no such thing as an H-bomb; that is all man’s doing. WE are the great danger. The psyche is the great danger. What if something goes wrong with the psyche?
My first introduction to Jung was through his autobiography Memories Dreams Reflections. That was 22 years ago and at a time when both my outer and inner life were in turmoil. I credit that book with saving my sanity. I read it over and over, barely comprehending it but somehow being comforted by it. Over the years I read widely about Jung and his psychology but could never bring myself to read his scientific works. It looked altogether too hard and so I did as many non-scholars do and turned to the interpreters of Jung’s work. Of all the authors I have appreciated and learned most from, Dr. Edward Edinger remains my firm favourite. The first book I read was Ego and Archetype about 10 years ago and though I had a reasonably good conceptual understanding of what he was talking about, the seeds that were sown didn’t begin to germinate until fairly recently. By then I had done enough personal healing work to consider the possibility that the individuation process that is the heart of Jung’s work was an option for me and I have been revisiting Edinger with renewed vigour. I came across these videos and watched them so many times that I decided to transcribe them for easy reference and post them here.
There are two videos which I will post separately. The second one is here. This first is an overview of Jung’s pioneering work and the potential it has for effecting real transformation in the individuals who take it seriously. The second is how the work done by individuals can affect society at large in a positive way. These videos were made about 25 years ago and there is a growing interest in Jung’s psychology, due in no small part to the influence of the internet. A statement made by Edinger early on in the first video is now proving to be prophetic:
...there’re not very many Jungians because Jung’s particular approach doesn’t seem to be relevant to the majority of people – yet. I think that’s only a short-term phenomenon but I’m trying to make it a little easier to relate to Jung by mediating.
Edinger’s enthusiasm for Jung and his work can seem a little excessive at times, which might be off putting to some people but I think that is because he really does get the importance of Jung’s contribution to the world. Rarely are visionaries and innovators fully appreciated in the era in which they have lived.
Lawrence Jaffe: This interview is being conducted in the West Los Angeles home of the internationally known Jungian Analyst Edward F. Edinger and his partner Dianne Cordic, who’s also a Jungian Analyst. I am Lawrence Jaffe, a Jungian Analyst from Berkeley, California and the Author of a book on Jung’s and Edinger’s work called Liberating the Heart: Spirituality and Jungian Psychology.
Interview:
LJ: One reason apparently that some of Jung’s books are difficult to follow is that his thinking was so far ahead of our own. Would you say that much of your work has the goal of rendering more understandable Jung’s religious message, understood broadly?
Edward Edinger: I think of myself as a mediator between Jung and a wider audience. Jung is this gigantic presence that is profoundly intimidating to all of us little ones and we’re all little ones in comparison to him. I’ve been studying Jung, as my major life endeavour, for 40 years and the more I study him, the more impressed I am by his magnitude and the more I can understand why so many people don’t want to get anywhere near him. Because it’s just too painful to experience one’s comparative smallness in comparison to such a massive entity and often I think it’s a sound instinct of self-preservation that keeps people away from Jung.
You know we have many different schools of psychotherapy and I think that’s for good reason. We have as many different schools of psychotherapy as there are basic attitudes and typological categories in relation to the psyche. In other words, the psyche creates for itself the schools of psychotherapy that serve it. Human beings may think they create the schools but I don’t think so, I think the unconscious does it you see and everyone should find the school that fits him best and when that’s done, there’re not very many Jungians because Jung’s particular approach doesn’t seem to be relevant to the majority of people – yet. I think that’s only a short-term phenomenon but I’m trying to make it a little easier to relate to Jung by mediating.
LJ: 4:15… What does Jungian Psychology have to do with religion?
EE: Everything, everything! You see Jung has demonstrated that the religious function resides in the psyche and is a integral part of human psychology. That just means that the ego, in order to be healthy, needs to have a living connection to a transpersonal centre.
There are two etymologies for the word ‘religion.’ One etymology emphasizes that it means ‘linking back.’ The idea then would be that the religious function links the ego back to its origin, to its background, to the larger entity that it came from. The other etymology of religion, that Jung really preferred actually, was that the word ‘religio’ means the opposite of the root of the word ‘neglect.’ So that ‘religio’ means the careful consideration of the background of one’s life – the opposite of neglecting the background of one’s life. Jung actually preferred that association, although he acknowledged the importance of the other one, which I think goes back to Augustine.
But the point is that the human psyche has a religious function in both senses, a need to link back and a need to give careful consideration to the source of his being and the religious process then is one in which the ego has a living, organic connection to a larger whole. And that, of course, is the function that the traditional religions have always served. They’ve done it by the collective structure and the dogmatic formulations and the whole concept of God and man’s relation to God, that they provide the believer. They’ve given the individual a religious container in which he has the sense of being connected to the larger whole. Now modern man – especially the creative minority in modern man – has lost that connection provided by the traditional religions, because they’re too concrete. They haven’t kept pace with modern man’s mental development, so they’re not in tune with modern categories of understanding.
The great service that Jung has performed by his discovery of the collective unconscious and the archetypes and the Self, he’s penetrated to the psychological source and basis that underlies all the world religions and thereby he’s verified and redeemed for modern consciousness the validity and reality of the religious operations as they express themselves in all religions. That’s been achieved and I don’t think we can appreciate the magnitude of that achievement because what it means is that the psychological basis has been laid for the realisation of a unified world. We’ve got the basis now for a unification of all of the factional divisions among the world religions and once that is achieved, I think political unification is bound to follow. It’s been accomplished! One man has done it!
10:00… I wish I could communicate the fact that I see so clearly concerning Jung’s discovery of the basis of all the world’s religions. He’s achieved by this discovery the psychological basis for the unification of the world. It’s really a pitiful sight to see the world split up into these separate warring fragments of religious identifications, of nationalistic identifications, of ethnic identifications, all at war with one another. They’re all operating out of the energies of connection with the same transpersonal image of wholeness. They are all operating out of their connection to deity – to the Self – as it is constellated and perceived within their local context – religious or nationalistic context. It’s the same psychic Self and what Jung has done, has penetrated to that source – that’s the paradoxical God that he talks about. He’s seen it and once he’s seen it, it can then no longer split up into these various ethnic and religious factions and fight against itself. One human being has seen the back of God, so to speak, so that means then that He’s going to be eventually unified and the world will be unified politically, sooner or later, as an inevitable consequence of that event of human consciousness.
LJ: Jung has taught us that the leading idea of a new religion will come from the symbolism of the religion that preceded it. Applied to modern times, this means that the leading idea of the era that we are now entering will be based on the Judeo-Christian myth. Do you have a comment on this?
EE: 13:07… Yes, I do. It leads us right in to a major pronouncement that Jung makes in his late work, especially in Answer to Job, where he speaks about the new mode of existence is to be what he calls ‘continuing incarnation.’ Now that requires some explanation because I think very few people will get right away just what he means by ‘continuing incarnation.’
You see, the central image of the Judeo-Christian myth, is that Yahweh, the God of the Old Testament, according to Jung because he had an encounter with Job, was obliged to incarnate. So, he’s born in the form of his son as a human being in Jesus Christ. That’s the basic image of the total Judeo-Christian myth and that’s the issue that Christianity has picked up and elaborated and that Judaism has declined to pick up.
Christianity is really just a Jewish heresy that has mushroomed so much that it’s sort of obscured its mother. But the Jewish scriptures and the Christian scriptures share the same idea of a divine son but the difference between them is that the Jews think his coming’s going to be in the future and the Christians think he’s already come. But the basic idea is the same and Jung’s point is that that image of the incarnation of deity in a human being, which was symbolically manifested in Christ, is now to be empirically realized in a few individuals who are able to go through the process of individuation because he considers that the individuation process to be equivalent to the symbolic imagery of the incarnation of God in the human being. What that means psychologically is that the ego, in the process of establishing a conscious, living, relationship with the Self, becomes the ground, so to speak, for the incarnation of deity. As Jung puts it someplace, the ego is the stable in which the Christ child is born.
17:30… This symbolism has now become available for empirical psychological understanding. It no longer has to be worshipped as a metaphysical hypostasis, which is the way it appears in projection, so to speak, in metaphysical or theological projection, when it’s worshipped as a religious image. In such a form it’s not yet realized as a psychic reality; as an aspect of psychological experience. That’s what Jung has achieved – he’s achieved in his own life the incarnation of deity and the way he modestly puts it, there’s now the opportunity for many to do likewise. He describes that at the conclusion of Answer to Job. He puts it so well that I’d like to read it. It’s the final paragraph of Jung’s Answer to Job. He’s talking about the relation between the ego and the Self and he says that a reciprocal action is established when the ego and the Self are consciously related:
A reciprocal action between two relatively autonomous factors which compels us, when describing and explaining the processes, to present sometimes the one and sometimes the other factor as the acting subject, even when God becomes man. The Christian solution has hitherto avoided this difficulty by recognizing Christ as the one and only God-man. But the indwelling of the Holy Ghost, the third Divine Person, in man, brings about a Christification of many.
That’s the phrase I wanted to get to: ‘the indwelling of the Holy Ghost, the third Divine Person, in man, brings about a Christification of many…’ Now if I translate that symbolic imagery into banal psychological terms, then I would say, ‘The achievement of consciousness of the ego-Self Axis – the connecting factor between the ego and the Self (the Holy Ghost) – brings about a realization that the ego is manifesting in its life a transpersonal purpose and meaning.’ That’s what’s meant by the symbolic imagery of the incarnation of God in man through the agency of the Holy Ghost. Now that’s hard to grasp but with so much of Jung’s writings, I think the way to go at it is to read the relevant passages – that’s why I point to the last paragraph of Answer to Job – to read the relevant passages over and over and over again because they really have the quality of scripture. Jung is speaking from a consciousness that transcends that of all of us and therefore we must read what he has to communicate over and over again and then it begins to dawn on us just what he means.
LJ: 22:30… Jung said about certain aspects of his work that it sounded like religion but was not. Would you say the same about your work?
EE: Jung’s work is so much that it’s very difficult to characterize it. And of course, Jung says different things at different times under different circumstances. You have to keep that in mind. I consider Jung’s work primarily – and I think he did too – primarily to be a scientific accomplishment. What he did was to discover, through his own personal experience both individually and with patients, he discovered the objective psyche – the psyche as an objective entity, as contrasted with just a subjective entity. That led him into a region of such immense dimensions, that he then spent the rest of his life trying to describe and present some of the major aspects of the nature of the objective psyche, as he’d discovered it. So he is primarily, fundamentally, a scientific genius, who has made a totally new discovery – a totally new dimension of being has been laid bare and following that discovery he was obliged to create a whole new methodology of approaching it because since it’s a new object, it cannot be approached by the old methodology that physical science used.
Physical science requires a methodology different from the science of depth psychology because the nature of the subject matter is different. The psyche requires a methodology that engages the whole person. Physical science, by its nature, excludes a significant portion of the whole person, you see, as irrelevant but dealing with the psyche requires an engagement of the whole person. That’s a totally new approach and people have yet to learn it. Jung teaches us how to do it but we still have to learn it. Anyway, he was obliged to create that whole new methodology in order to deal with the new subject that he’d discovered – the subject of the objective psyche – and this is what he’s done in all his mature work.
26:32… So that’s how I think of him fundamentally. However, what he discovered when he discovered the objective psyche and started exploring it, was that it is the source of religion, of philosophy, of art, of mythology, of worldviews of all kinds. It’s the source of those. Therefore, although we say quite accurately, ‘No, Jungian psychology is not a religion, it’s not a philosophy, it’s not a Weltanschauung,’ nonetheless it deals with the source of all of those and it has also discovered in the course of realizing the practical aspect of encounter with the psyche, which is psychotherapy, it’s discovered that psychotherapy, if it’s going to be complete in the individual case, involves the individual’s discovery of a religious standpoint and of a Weltanschauung.
So that Jungian psychology, when it’s applied, does lead to religious consciousness and to the emerging awareness of a new worldview, even though Jungian psychology itself is not itself a religion or a worldview. It’s as though it’s more fundamental than that. Just because Jung talks about religious imagery and religious phenomenology, many people superficially think he’s a religionist, or as you said earlier, he’s a mystic. That’s not true – he’s an empirical scientist of the psyche. That’s what he is.
LJ: 29:00… As you have spoken of Jung as an epochal man and you have explained that you mean by that a man whose life inaugurates a new age in cultural history, can you tell us more of this idea and have there been other epochal men?
EE: See I have a perception of Jung that I’m afraid practically nobody shares. I’m almost alone in that. Speaking of being alone, I mentioned earlier, he’s a whole new species. We know from history that when an individual carrying major new consciousness arrives on the scene, that often inaugurates a new epoch. The two examples that I’m thinking of particularly are the examples of Christ and Buddha. I believe that Jung belongs to that order of individual, you see. When a major new level of consciousness emerges, then it has to have some huge collective effect that it may take several hundred years to bring into visibility but that will eventually be seen for what it is and that’s how I see Jung. There’s a remark that Jung makes on this subject that I want to refer to. It comes from page 311 of Volume II of his letters. I want to refer to it because I believe it summarizes in a nutshell, the basic idea behind continuing incarnation. Here’s what he says,
Buddha’s insight and the incarnation in Christ break the chain of suffering through the intervention of the enlightened human consciousness which thereby acquires a metaphysical and cosmic significance.
Now of course you’re not going to get that in one reading but what he’s referring to there is the Buddhist notion of the chain of suffering that involves desirousness leading to frustration and finally to death, that repeats itself endlessly. The chain of life that goes round and round because it can never be broken. That’s what he’s referring to and he says that two things break it; he says Buddha’s insight breaks it and the incarnation in Christ breaks it. He doesn’t say ‘broke it.’ He doesn’t use the past tense. He uses the present tense, which means then that Buddha’s insight and incarnation in Christ are current happenings which have the effect of breaking the chain of suffering, through the intervention of the enlightened human consciousness, which thereby acquires a metaphysical and cosmic significance.
33:40… Now, you see, that’s what happened in the Book of Job, as Jung spells it out in Answer to Job. Job got a glimpse into the nature of the primordial psyche. As Jung puts it, ‘He got a glimpse of the back side of God, the abysmal world of shards.’ He saw it. That seeing it was Buddha’s insight and it had the effect then of bringing about the incarnation in Christ and in fact, Job was a kind of prefiguration of the incarnation in Christ because he was the victim… his suffering was the sacrifice that had to be paid in order to achieve the insight that he got. So that Buddha’s insight and incarnation in Christ are illustrated in the Book of Job and what they achieve then is the intervention of the enlightened human consciousness which thereby acquires a metaphysical and cosmic significance. It thereby takes on divine attributes and that corresponds to the incarnation of God. The fact that enlightened human consciousness acquires metaphysical and cosmic significance, means that it is a carrier of the God-image. It’s all there in that one sentence and I was delighted when I came across it.
LJ: 35:53… So, as human beings attempt to carry consciousness they participate in the transformation of God?
EE: Ah, yeah! There’s another major term, or image, concerning the same issue. Jung says somewhere that it may very well be that his insights will have the effect of bringing about a major change, major evolution, in the God-image. So, he’s telling us quite explicitly that the consciousness of an individual human being does have the capacity of transforming the God- image. Now the whole question for us is: How does that happen? How are we to understand that? How are we apply it to psychological experience that we can grasp? I’m not sure I can communicate how that’s done, but I’m going to try anyway. You remember I spoke earlier about the objective psyche as being a pervading medium like the atmosphere that we live in. We participate in it, it’s within us and is expressed through us and it’s also without. It’s the medium that we exist in that is usually invisible. The ego, the human ego, is a part of that objective psyche but it’s a part that owes its existence to the fact that it’s been able to separate itself and exist like a separate island but it’s still a part. So it’s got an organic living connection between the medium that it was born out of and its own separateness.
That means then, in the science of depth psychology, in the course of studying the objective psyche, the only means we have to study it is an individual human ego. That’s the only ‘I’ there is to look at it but since the individual human ego does have a organic attachment to the medium that it’s studying, that means that whenever the ego looks at the medium, it influences the medium in the process of looking at it – because they’re connected; they’re not totally separate entities. Well, that complicates things. It means that to some extent or another then, the observing ego, as he studies the objective psyche, is subjectifying what he’s studying to some extent. We can’t help that – it’s built into the situation but nonetheless if we’re aware of that fact, then we make allowances for it and that will at least mitigate its effects. Now that’s the situation.
40:16… The God-image is the central archetype, as Jung describes it, in that pervading medium of the objective psyche of the collective unconscious, so that when the ego perceives the God-image – when it consciously sees it for what it is – that very perception has the effect of altering it, you see, because of the nature of the connection between the ego and the Self. They’re part of the same total organism – the total state of being – and therefore what happens to one has an effect on the other and that’s the mechanism, so to speak, whereby God undergoes transformation by being seen by a human ego. Now that’s just an abstraction but when you’ve had some living experiences that illustrate it, they’re very impressive because what happens is, in the course of a really deep analysis, the unconscious changes. It isn’t just the ego that changes – the unconscious changes – and the rule of thumb that Jung has taught us, is that the unconscious takes the same attitude towards the ego as the ego takes towards it.
So that’s one aspect of how the unconscious changes when the ego pays attention to it but the unconscious also changes when the ego has seen, with its own eyes, the raw view of the primordial psyche. Believe me, it’s a terrible thing to see. I’ll show you later a picture whereby that takes place. That’s one of the Job pictures in Blake’s series that I want to show you, where Yahweh is showing Job his back side and what He’s showing him is behemoth and leviathan, the terrible monsters. That’s an image of getting a glimpse of what the primordial psyche looks like, what God’s back side is, you see and when one has that view – not just hearsay knowledge, when one sees it in shuddering, knee knocking reality – that changes the nature of the primordial psyche, first of all in oneself and we have reason to believe that the effect goes beyond just one’s own personal psyche.
LJ: 43:45… Do you believe that, as I do, that Jung will be remembered by future generations, not primarily as a theoretician of depth psychotherapy but for the religious aspect of his work?
EE: I’m not a prophet but I have a perception as to, in broad outlines, what I expect to happen. It’s obvious to any thoughtful person that Western society is hurtling toward some terrible catastrophe. That’s obvious. That means that we are going to be exposed to massive suffering – something along the order of what went on 2,000 years ago with the disintegration of the Roman Empire, where the established social structures break down and chaos intervenes, you see. Something like that’s going to happen and in such a case, there will be reversions to more primitive modes of behaviour. There will be a regressive movement backwards. There’ll be a regression to tribalisms of all kinds I’m sure, to more primitive structures, more localized structures. There’ll be a regression to concrete and fundamentalist religions of various kinds and what I hope is that, for what Toynbee calls the creative minority, the collective suffering on such a vast scale will force reflective individuals to look around desperately for some kind of understanding of what’s happening to them.
If they’re able to resist the regressive tendency to revert to more primitive modes of functioning, if they can hold onto their consciousness enough, then they might discover Jung. Then they might pick up Answer to Job and read him really attentively and realize that what’s being experienced collectively on such a vast scale… (25sec glitch in recording) …of the emergence of a new God-image and the possibility, as I mentioned earlier, of a genuine unification of both the individual and the world. I think that in the long run, that’s what’s in store for the Age of Aquarius, after a terrible time of troubles.
LJ: 47:46… In your book, The Christian Archetype: A Jungian Commentary on the Life of Christ, you write, ‘The goal of the incarnation cycle, like the goal of individuation, is the coniunctio. The time has come for the psychic opposites – heaven and earth, male and female, spirit and nature, good and evil, which have long been torn asunder in the western psyche to be reconciled.’ Can you elaborate on this idea?
EE: The basic question is, ‘What is this thing called the coniunctio?’ You know Jung’s last work, his last book length work was on that subject and the title was The Mystery of the Coniunctio – a very sizeable tome. It was a theme that really preoccupied him in his last years. He had some profound experiences of the coniunctio during his illness in 1944, which he reports in his Memories, Dreams, Reflections. Then the question is, ‘How are we to understand this symbolic image?’ You see, it comes from alchemy, as I mentioned earlier. The goal of the alchemical process was the Philosopher’s Stone and it was created, so the alchemists thought, by the coniunctio of purified opposites.
The basic image was the coniunctio of Sol and Luna – sun and moon – create the Philosopher’s Stone, so that the coniunctio is the process which achieves the Philosopher’s Stone, which achieves selfhood, which achieves the living connection to the God-image. It was pictured as a marriage, or as a sexual intercourse. Now we know that just on the biological level, the goal of biological existence is the creation of offspring, which is achieved through sexual intercourse and that’s the reason that nature has built into us the experience of supreme bliss at the peak of sexual intercourse. Nature, of course, knows what she’s doing and that is the goal of biological existence – sexual intercourse. The physical coniunctio is the goal of our existence as biological organisms.
51:40…What Jung has demonstrated is that the psychological coniunctio is the goal of existence as the psychological organism. Now the only difficulty is being able to grasp what that means. It’s easy enough to grasp what sexual intercourse means, we can encompass that in the definition but psychological coniunctio is a image of the achievement of totality which transcends the ego. It transcends therefore the rational ability to define it, therefore we can’t define it. We can talk about it and we can sort of circumambulate it and bring up images that express it but we can’t grasp it or contain it rationally because it’s bigger than we are. There’s reason to believe that probably the coniunctio is only experienced in its complete form in death, in physical death and I think that’s good to know about because there’s a real need to reappraise, in the modern world, the nature and significance of death.
Death is a goal of life and in a different sense than Freud meant it, there really is a death instinct. We’ve got the instinctual equipment built into us to take care of all the basic occurrences in human existence. These are the archetypal patterns that are built into us and our physical life ends in death and we’ve got the instinctual wisdom to relate to that phenomenon properly, if we’re in touch with that wisdom.
54:14… Part of that wisdom, I think, is the realization that one level of psychological existence is achieved and fulfilled in the process of physical death and that the coniunctio is realized, probably, to the fullest extent at that time and Jung’s visions of the coniunctio occurred during a near-death experience. He almost died during that 1944 illness. It’s an image of great joy and fulfillment. It’s the biological experience of sexuality on the psychological plane and that’s why sexual images have to be used to refer to it and perhaps our finest document concerning it is The Song of Songs, in the Bible. There of course is more to be said about it. It’s an image of totality. It’s a image of the reconciliation of opposites. On the simplest level, it’s the reconciliation of the opposites of the male and female but those images actually can be used to express all the pairs of opposites, so that it’s an image of harmony beyond the conflict of all the opposites that go to make up the struggle and agony of existence.
Independent, spontaneous manifestations of the unconscious; fragments of involuntary psychic activity just conscious enough to be reproducible in the waking state.
Dreams are neither deliberate nor arbitrary fabrications; they are natural phenomena which are nothing other than what they pretend to be. They do not deceive, they do not lie, they do not distort or disguise. . . . They are invariably seeking to express something that the ego does not know and does not understand.
“Analytical Psychology and Education,” CW 17, par. 189.
In symbolic form, dreams picture the current situation in the psyche from the point of view of the unconscious.
Since the meaning of most dreams is not in accord with the tendencies of the conscious mind but shows peculiar deviations, we must assume that the unconscious, the matrix of dreams, has an independent function. This is what I call the autonomy of the unconscious. The dream not only fails to obey our will but very often stands in flagrant opposition to our conscious intentions.
“On the Nature of Dreams” CW 8, par. 545.
Jung acknowledged that in some cases dreams have a wish-fulfilling and sleep-preserving function (Freud) or reveal an infantile striving for power (Adler), but he focused on their symbolic content and their compensatory role in the self-regulation of the psyche: they reveal aspects of oneself that are not normally conscious, they disclose unconscious motivations operating in relationships and present new points of view in conflict situations.
In this regard there are three possibilities. If the conscious attitude to the life situation is in large degree one-sided, then the dream takes the opposite side. If the conscious has a position fairly near the “middle,” the dream is satisfied with variations. If the conscious attitude is “correct” (adequate), then the dream coincides with and emphasizes this tendency, though without forfeiting its peculiar autonomy.
Ibid., par. 546.
In Jung’s view, a dream is an interior drama.
The whole dream-work is essentially subjective, and a dream is a theatre in which the dreamer is himself the scene, the player, the prompter, the producer, the author, the public, and the critic.
“General Aspects of Dream Psychology” ibid., par. 509.
This conception gives rise to the interpretation of dreams on the subjective level, where the images in them are seen as symbolic representations of elements in the dreamer’s own personality. Interpretation on the objective level refers the images to people and situations in the outside world.
Many dreams have a classic dramatic structure. There is an exposition (place, time and characters), which shows the initial situation of the dreamer. In the second phase there is a development in the plot (action takes place). The third phase brings the culmination or climax (a decisive event occurs). The final phase is the lysis, the result or solution (if any) of the action in the dream.
…the mother stands for the collective unconscious, the source of the water of life…
~CG Jung Individual Dream Symbolism… CW 12: §92
I worked through this dream with Jane Teresa Anderson in the early days of her dream show podcast (link), way back in August 2009. It has taken all this time to unfold fully and though I am in a much better emotional space than I was when I had the dream, meeting the challenge I set myself in it is still a work in progress.
The dream:
I am in the study of my house with Mary. As we come out of the study, I notice water on the floor. I point it out to her so she won’t step in it. When we reach the dining room I see there is a large puddle of water also pooled on the carpet by the table. I notice an empty glass in the place where I usually sit for meals. I get a mental image of someone picking up the glass, and without realising it is full, spilling it and leaving the trail. I know that ‘someone’ is me but don’t recall doing it. The trail of water leads back to the study through the kitchen and family room to where I first noticed it.
I fetch a towel from the laundry basket and while I’m on my knees mopping up the water on the carpet, I tell Mary about Frank Sinatra’s rejection by his mother. She bursts into tears and I stand and put my arms around her and she cries on my shoulder. She says it reminds her of the way her mother rejected her. I say I am not surprised and then say very gently but clearly: ‘You can’t find love outside yourself, not even from your mother, you’ve got to find the source of love within yourself and connect with that.’
Using the concept of all dream characters representing aspects of the dreamer, Jane and I explored the idea that Mary’s emotional outburst represented some unresolved grief in me concerning my mother’s rejection. This did fit for Mary’s relationship with her mother but I couldn’t relate to it, as I didn’t perceive my mother as being rejecting. As we explored the issue further, I concluded that perhaps my child’s mind had perceived her frequent absences through physical illness and nervous breakdowns as a form of rejection and we let it go at that and went on to explore other aspects of the dream imagery. Days later, the memory of a very traumatic estrangement from my mother that had occurred almost 30 years before, surfaced from the depths and the scene with Mary made total sense.
The estrangement occurred as part of the fallout from my disclosure about the sexual abuse that had occurred throughout my childhood at the hands of an uncle – the husband of Mum’s sister. Although my mother and my aunt were the only ones I had spoken to, somehow word got around and all hell broke loose in the family. It emerged that this uncle’s activities were not only very widespread but also well known. In spite of that, I was branded a troublemaker and a liar and treated like a pariah by all except my sisters. I became the family scapegoat. It’s an all too common scenario for anyone who rocks the boat by speaking up and a powerful deterrent that perpetrators and their enablers exploit. Mum didn’t speak to me for 9 months and when she did reconnect, the subject was never discussed.
When she finally rang me, she broke the ice with the sad news that her precious dog had to be put down. She had been very attached to him and perhaps losing him made her reflect on our estrangement. When that topic was exhausted, she asked if I’d heard Anne Murray’s latest album. We were both big fans. I hadn’t and she told me it was called ‘I’ll Always Love You.’ I knew it was her way of saying what she was never able to say directly and this, together with the news of Sooty’s death and the fact that she was talking to me again had me blubbering like a baby. When I got hold of the album and heard the title song, I played it over and over. It was almost worth all the pain I had been through to hear the opening lines:
Standing by my window, listening for your call
Seems I really miss you after all
Time won’t let me keep these sad thoughts to myself
I’d just like to let you know, I wish I’d never let you go and…
I’ll always love you, deep inside this heart of mine
I do love you…
When I went to see her, we both carefully avoided the dreaded topic but as I was leaving she said to me “I know I’ve been a bad mother, Gloria.” I didn’t know what to say and her words haunted me for years. I wanted to put my arms around her and comfort her and tell her how much I loved her but sadly she was not comfortable with such behaviour and I knew where to draw the line. I also felt that she somehow needed to make that confession for her own benefit and I didn’t want to take that away from her. She wasn’t a bad mother – bad mothers are the kind that hate their kids and want them dead, like so many stepmothers in myths and fairy tales. She was, though, a Puella Aeternus – an eternal child – who in one sense make good mothers because they can relate to the child on their own terms but on the other hand lack the emotional maturity necessary to handle the responsibility entailed in raising children. She was basically unsuited to a role that was her lot as a woman of her time and place and had the added misfortune of marrying a man whose alcoholism led to him abandoning her to the sole responsibility of raising their five children. The odds were stacked against her in so many ways.
Our relationship pretty much picked up where we had left off and Mum died a few years afterwards. Until this dream, I hadn’t realised how much guilt I had been carrying over telling her about the abuse. As kids we were trained to be good girls and not to worry Mum, with the unspoken threat that to do so would result in her going away yet again. From my uncle I was warned not to tell ‘our little secret’ or else I would go to jail and so would he. Together with upsetting Mum, the thought that I would be responsible for his family being without a father and thereby suffering the same fate as mine was enough to keep me silent until I was 30. After the avalanche of hostility that was unleashed on me then, I closed down for another 20 years, until the death of my husband and the many life changes it entailed brought it to the surface with a vengeance. This dream – and many, many others – was a part of the healing process both of the childhood abuse and the trauma that occurred through my disclosure as an adult.
As I worked through the dream with Jane, we looked at the significance of the reference to Frank Sinatra. A few days before the dream, I had read an article about him in which he had stated that he hated the song My Way and that the only reason he did it was because his fans requested it and that it didn’t reflect his attitude at all. Following the thread of the mother theme we explored the idea that children have to go their own way and that made sense in the context of the dream but again it was only later that I recalled a vital piece of information that was a further key to understanding the dream within the context of the mother complex.
One of the most efficient entries into a dream is to consider what might have occurred in the day or two prior to the dream. We had discussed the article about Frank Sinatra but as interesting as that was, it didn’t have any real emotional charge to it. What did have a charge though and totally relevant to this dream was that the night before I had it, I had decided spontaneously to stop going to a Zen style meditation group I had been attending for about 15 months and had emailed the teacher to let her know. This was a very difficult decision to make because I had a deep affection for her. I had no doubt of her sincerity but was feeling increasingly uncomfortable with what I perceived as a lack of psychological awareness and the attitude that meditation practice alone is ‘the way.’ Several weeks after I stopped going, I woke up in the early hours one morning and had an almost desperate yearning to see her again. As I explored the intensity of the feeling, I recognised that it was the same kind of feeling I used to have at being separated from Mum when I was young. I knew then that separating from the teacher was another necessary step in loosening the attachment bonds of the mother complex.
One aspect of the dream analysis I did with Jane that I was never fully satisfied with was to do with the spilled glass of water. I said to her that it had brought to mind the song My Cup Runneth Over With Love and she suggested it might symbolise having an over caring attitude towards others and ‘spilling’ my love indiscriminately. That certainly had validity but I felt there was more to it than that and it was only when I connected the dream with the meditation teacher – my ‘spiritual mother’ – that I was able to join the dots. The two rooms in the dream – the study with the computer and Internet connection and the dining room where I did all my reading – represented ‘my way.’ The connection with the meditation teacher also added another dimension to the water symbolism; because life as we know it cannot exist without water, at the archetypal (spiritual) level it symbolises the life force itself – another name for which is love. The way I understand the symbolism now is that I was unconsciously spilling my life force energy (love) by following a path that wasn’t suited to me. My way home to myself was very eclectic. I studied widely and was involved in various groups but the main practice aspect of it was through a combination of meditation, dreamwork, Jungian psychology and A Course in Miracles. All of these methods have as their common denominator the development of trusting one’s own inner guidance and this dream was clearly demonstrating that very principle.
At the end of the discussion with Jane I confessed that though I agreed with the sentiment expressed, i.e. the need to find the source of love within, I was at a loss as to how to do it. She suggested a dream alchemy visualisation exercise but I never followed through on it. I had by that stage developed my own way of working with dreams and this kind of prescriptive approach, as well intentioned as it was, felt too controlling and manipulative. As the dream unfolded organically over time, I realised that I was on the right path already with what I was doing and just needed to have patience, perseverance and faith. I often felt lost and lonely and still do at times but I realise now that is the price to pay for following one’s own destiny.
The choice by the dream author of Mary as my alter ego was very auspicious. We met through a study group of A Course in Miracles and became very good friends. As our friendship developed, we found many correspondences in our lives, including being born in the same year, growing up in the same town and moving to the same city at the same age and living in similar places as our lives progressed. We are also alike personality wise, with many common interests. The main difference in our lives is that she has children and I don’t. I can’t think of anyone I know who would be a better fit as a reflection of myself. I don’t think it’s coincidence that she shares the same name as the most well known Western icon of the Great Mother. She also shares another connection with Mother Mary – her birthday is the same as the Feast Day of the Immaculate Conception, the recognition of the purity of the mother of the Christ Child at her own conception. I don’t know what to make of that but this dream seems to keep unfolding.
I had this dream 12½ years ago. It impacted me strongly at the time and left a permanent memory trace because of its transformational nature. I was prompted to write about it by a blog post I saw with a similar theme of awakening consciousness and healing. The post, Dreamspeak: Ancestral Healing, is the story of Toko-pa Turner’s dream visit by her Holocaust survivor grandfather, in which he apologised to her for passing on the effects of the trauma that he was only able to cope with by keeping it to himself. My dream visitor was my maternal grandmother and though the circumstances differ, the theme of unprocessed grief resonating down through the generations and the longing for completion – which appears to be as desirous from the other side as this one – is similar.
The dream:
I am in my dining room and Grandma Sweet is sitting at the table. She is young, attractive and very happy, so unlike how I remember her. I tell her I realised some time back that my hands are just like hers and put my left hand against her right to demonstrate. I say I have a photo of her that shows it very clearly and go off to look for it.
I rummage around in the pile of family photos but can’t find it and wonder if I’ve thrown it away. When I find it I realise it is her wedding photo – a fact I had forgotten. Her husband is sitting on a chair and she is standing with her left hand resting on his shoulder. It clearly shows the distinctive line of the thumb and the long fingers.
I think to myself that Grandma might like to see what has been happening in the family since she died, so I put her photo aside and start sorting through the rest to make a selection. In the process, I misplace her photo and have trouble finding it again. When I do, I look at it and realise ‘Oh, Grandma doesn’t need to see these, she knows everything that’s gone on.’ It was quite a revelation.
As I emerged from the dream, I was overcome by a sense of deep compassion and love for her that took me completely by surprise. Our family had lived with Grandma until I was 11 and I remembered her as a bitter and miserable old woman, frequently bedridden, always complaining and smelling of citronella. According to her she had a bad heart but according to Mum the doctor couldn’t find anything wrong with her. I never liked her as a child and was further influenced by her antagonism towards my mother and the stories Mum told of her oppressive childhood. When I awoke, my perception of her was instantly and, as it transpired, permanently transformed.
I had the dream just a few days before my divorce was to be finalised, so that made some sense of losing the wedding photo but I had no clue as to why it would be Grandma as she had never remarried after her husband died, as I had. At this point she had been dead 42 years and was part of my distant past. Why was she showing up now? I also wondered about the significance of the hands – why had they been made such a big deal of?
I posted the dream to the forum I was on at the time hoping for some clarity from other viewpoints. One of the suggestions was that I might be ‘handling’ life like Grandma and that had a certain resonance because at that stage in my life I was feeling very fragile and barely holding myself together. The unexpected ending of my second marriage had derailed me just as life was beginning to settle down after all the upheaval of my first husband’s death. The fact that Grandma was so happy and youthful in the dream gave me hope that the future would be brighter and I concluded that the message of the dream was just that – you will be happy again.
Because the framework within which the forum operated considered that everyone and everything in a dream represents something about the dreamer, I missed entirely the fact that this was a spirit visit from Grandma. As such it had a healing power that went way beyond the scope of psychological insight because it came from the deeper part of the psyche that Jung called the collective unconscious – a sphere of reality beyond that of the personal unconscious. In addition to reflecting my personal attitudes and beliefs, Grandma’s appearance in my dream was showing me a greater perspective – a viewpoint from beyond the physical time-space world. Although I lacked the knowledge and understanding of the Jungian approach to dreamwork at the time, the numinous quality of the dream ensured that it would continue to gestate in the depths until its wisdom and meaning came to fruition.
As a result of the dream I decided to research the family history and was shocked to learn that Grandma’s husband had died of cerebral syphilis. The story we had grown up with was that he had sustained a head injury in a fall from a cart and never recovered. Grandma was only 37 and was left with 5 children, the oldest being 13 and the youngest only 18mths old. I also learned that she had lost 4 children in infancy, including one who had been born more than a year after her husband’s death, with no father’s name cited. Poor Grandma! I could only imagine what shame and grief she had to bear, on top of trying to survive with no means of support. By the time I came on the scene in 1950 she was 60 years old and no doubt had been well and truly worn down by life.
I framed the photo that had been in my dream and kept it on my bedroom dresser where it served to remind me of the strength and resilience I had inherited through the motherline. Grandma Sweet may have lost her sweetness through the slings and arrows of outrageous fortune but her survivor spirit was an inspiration to me. When I moved house several years later I packed the photo away. It was a fitting gesture to moving on, as it had been her death that had resulted in my mother moving with her daughters away from the mining town that had been our home with its stifling atmosphere, oppressive conditions and lack of opportunities for women.
It was only recently that I got a new perspective on the significance of the hands in the dream. The Toko-Pa Turner blog post referenced at the beginning of this story appeared on the Depth Psychology Alliance Facebook page I follow and I posted a comment: I had a dream of my grandmother once. She said nothing but I was shown a photograph of her in which I recognised my hands were the same as hers. A lifetime of antagonism towards her melted away. I love what Amy Beth Katz said about our ancestors returning in our dreams. That is definitely my experience.
Amy responded with: You have healing hands, Gloria, don’t you?
My immediate reaction was ‘No way!!!’ but the intensity of my denial surprised me and so I began to wonder ‘why so adamant?’ I had worked as a massage therapist many years ago and had also done Reiki but neither were really my thing, so that didn’t fit. Then I thought about the fact that through all the dark times, starting with my late husband’s cancer diagnosis 20 years ago, writing was what kept me sane and helped me work everything through. I did dialogues with dream characters and other figures from the imaginal realm, cathartic rants that I ritually burnt, worked and re-worked a book (still a work in progress), wrote about my experiences with hypnotherapy, wrote up my dreams and explored them through writing, participated on the dream forum and journalled religiously. Writing has, without question been the most healing thing I’ve done with my hands but it was mostly self-healing.
Then I thought about this blog – from the very start my intention in writing about my dreams has had healing as the focus, as that has been a constant thread in the dreams. I initially decided to blog my stories because I’ve always loved reading other people’s stories and been helped a great deal by them but I have been stalemated for over a year because of that insidious voice of self-doubt: It’s too hard. It’s too personal. You’re not a writer. What’s the point? Who cares? Who wants to read it anyway? People will think you’re nuts (I thought so myself at one point!). Why don’t you just go and enjoy yourself? And the most crippling of all, ‘Just who do you think you are?’
As I pondered this, I remembered a story my sisters and I had grown up with. Mum had won a writing competition at school and received a prize. When she proudly showed it to her mother – Grandma Sweet – Grandma became very angry and told her not to waste her time on nonsense like that. And so she didn’t, instead following in the path of domesticity that was laid out for her as a woman of that time and place and social status. She ended up like her mother, a ‘deserted wife’ with 5 young kids to raise. My impression of Grandma was that she was a mother and homemaker by nature and that her great misfortune was in the tragedy of her husband’s early death. Not so my mother; having to conform to the domestic life was a disaster for someone with her free spirit and resulted in a lifetime of nervous breakdowns with the inevitable trauma to her daughters as we were split up and bounced around among relatives and neighbours.
When I think about this dream now I picture the gesture of putting my hand against Grandma’s as a ‘high five.’ It wasn’t really like that in the dream and yet the image is very compelling. I do feel her dream visit was a blessing. I am sure she would approve of what I’m doing and I know my mother absolutely would. My mother and grandmother couldn’t tell their stories and suffered accordingly but I can and am grateful for the opportunity to be able to do so and intend to make the most of it.
